X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is a non-destructive method of identifying and quantifying the composition of materials. It will tell you which elements are present in a material and how much of each.
In today’s article, we’ll discuss how this device works, what it can measure, and how accurate the method is.
Let’s get started
How an XRF Works
So, the XRF device first shoots high-energy X-rays at a sample. These rays knock electrons out of the inner regions of the sample’s atoms. Next, the electrons from the outer regions move in to fill the empty spaces and emit secondary X-rays.
The tool then measures the energy and amount of these emitted X-rays to name the elements and finally calculate their amounts.
The Case for XL5 Plus
The XL5 Plus is a compact, lightweight portable tool made by Thermo Fisher Scientific. It figures out the chemical composition of items without damaging them. The device weighs only 1.3 kg, making it easy for workers to hold for extended periods without getting tired.
It also has a 5W X-ray tube that gives lab-quality results right in the field. It can detect many elements in the periodic table, from magnesium up to uranium. It has micro and macro cameras to capture photos of the exact spot you test, for your records. You can use it to quickly sort mixed metals in a yard or check soil on-site.
How Accurate Is an XRF?
These analyzers are generally very accurate for identifying elemental composition. They achieve an accuracy of 0.01% to 0.1% for major particles under controlled conditions, though readings can vary from one material to another.
For example, for gold and other precious metals, the devices can yield results within 0.1% to 0.5% of those from traditional destructive methods. For alloys and metals, they’re excellent for sorting grades and general quality control. But for ores, accuracy is lower and depends heavily on particle size and sample preparation.
It’s important to note that XRF struggles to accurately quantify very light elements on the periodic table, such as carbon, lithium, or beryllium.
Different Types of XRF Analyzers
These devices are generally grouped by their core technology and physical format. For example, Energy Dispersive XRF sorts secondary X-rays by energy levels. It is fast and ideal for field tests.
We then have Wavelength Dispersive XRF, which uses crystals to separate X-rays by wavelength before detection. It offers superior precision and so is ideal for detailed laboratory work.
In terms of physical form, the Handheld XRF Analyzers are widely used. They’re basically small, battery-powered portable guns people use for on-site testing. The Benchtop XRF Analyzers are large tabletop units commonly used in laboratories or factory floors. They offer faster screening than the handheld units.
Bottom Line
If you’re planning to buy this device, you need to check certain things first. You need to determine whether you want to detect light elements as well, since they’d require specialized configurations. You also need to match the device to your workflow.
